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-
File Express(tm) User's Guide
----------------------------------------------
I M P O R T / E X P O R T / C L O N E
----------------------------------------------
File Express has the capability to Import, Export and Clone many diff-
erent types of files. These include sequential, mail-merge, fixed
length, and DIF files.
Importing a file is the process where by a file created by another
program, whether it be a word processor, text editor, spreadsheet,
database manager, etc., is converted into a format that can be
read by File Express.
Exporting a file is done so that the information contained in a File
Express database file can be used in a different program.
Cloning a database allows you to create entirely new database files
from current ones by taking the record format from an existing file
and then deleting fields, adding new fields, lengthening or
shortening fields, or rearranging fields, and then choosing which
records, from the existing file, to include in the new database.
This is done simply and easily.
Some definitions:
A "Standard Mail-merge" file is one in which each piece of informa-
tion in the file that is on the same line is separated by a comma.
String values may or may not be surrounded by quotation marks.
Example:
"Johns","Mike","123 N.E. 5th","San Pedro","CA"
or
Jones,Fred,1234,April,21,1909,Seattle,WA
A "Special Mail-merge" file is one in which the comma that is normally
used to separate information is replaced by some other character such
as a slash. Example:
"Mr."/"Albert"/"ABC Printing"/"New York"
or
Mrs.*Fredericks*XYZ Rental*Dallas
As with a Standard Mail-merge file, alphabetic word groups may or may
not be surrounded by quotation marks.
A "Fixed Length" file is one in which each piece of information is
contained in a specific number of bytes or character positions regard-
less of how much shorter the information is. Example:
Harold Baker Portland OR97034
Jim McDaniels San FranciscoCA90356
WilliamKeller New York NY06756
Each line of a fixed length file is usually followed by an invisible
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
carriage-return or carriage-return, line-feed combination.
A "DIF" type file, which stands for "Data Interchange Format", consists
of several lines of setup information followed by the information
itself in a standard format. Example:
TABLE
0,1
""
VECTORS
0,7
""
TUPLES
0,70
""
DATA
0,0
""
-1,0
BOT
1,0
"Johnson"
1,0
"Mike"
0,16
V
-1.0
BOT
To Import or Export a file from File Express, press <8> while
viewing the Main Menu. After doing so you will see the message:
Transferring to Import / Export Section
After the proper program module is loaded you will see the Import /
Export Menu:
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
Import / Export Menu
----------------------------------------
| |
| 1 - Import a file |
| |
| 2 - Export a file |
| |
| 3 - Clone new Database |
----------------------------------------
| 4 - Re-Sort database Index |
| |
| 5 - Print Reports |
| |
| 6 - Print Mailing Labels |
| |
| 7 - Return to Main Menu |
| |
| 8 - QUIT all processing |
| |
----------------------------------------
IMPORTING FILES INTO FILE EXPRESS
To Import a file into File Express format, press <1> while viewing the
Import / Export Menu. The first thing to appear will be the Import
Menu:
Import Menu
1 - Import from Standard Mail-merge file
2 - Import from Special Mail-merge file
3 - Import from Fixed Length file
4 - Improt from DIF type file
5 - Select a previously saved format
Selection
SETTING UP THE IMPORT FILE FORMAT
After selecting the type of file that you will be Importing by
pressing its corresponding menu number, you will be asked to
specify the name, type, and length of each field that you will
be pulling the information into. This setup process is very
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
similar to the one used when defining a new database except that
you are not permitted to set up calculated fields when Importing
a file. (Calculated fields may be added later by using the "Clone"
option). After you have told File Express the name, type, and
length of the fields in the new database you will be asked:
Would you like to save this format (Y/N)?
File Express allows you to save the format that you have just
specified so that you may use it in the future if you ever need
to specify the same type of format again. If you answer <Y> then
you will be asked for a file name and the format will be saved
on the Data Disk.
If you have chosen a Special mail-merge type file to import then
you will now be given the opportunity to specify what character
is used to separate the information on a line. (If the type
of file was other than this then skip ahead to the "Input and
Output File" section).
"field contents","field contents","field contents"
Delimiter between fields in Mail-merge file
is currently a <,>...O.K. (Y/N)?
If the character used to separate fields is something other than a
comma, press <N>. You will then be asked to:
Enter new separator character
After typing in the new character the commas in the sample line will
change to the new character and you will again be asked:
Delimiter bwtween fields in Mail-merge file
is currently a <x>...O.K. (Y/N)?
(the <x> will be the new separator)
Answer <Y> if the desired character is shown.
INPUT AND OUTPUT FILE INFORMATION
The next information that File Express will request is:
Which DISK DRIVE contains the Input File?
Answer by typing in the letter of the drive that contains the file
to be Imported. Now:
Enter the NAME of the Input file
(including the extension, if any)
__________________
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
Type in the name of the file to be Imported. Include any extension
that the file may have.
Next you must:
Enter DISK DRIVE to put new Database
Enter the letter of the drive where you want the soon to be created
database file to be placed.
And finally you must:
Enter the NAME of the new Database (Don't include an extension)
Answer by entering the name that you want the new database file to be
called. Do not enter any extension at this time. File Express will
supply a default extension of ".DTA".
After answering the filename question, File Express will read in the
information from the specified input file and will save the new data-
base file along with a header file. When the process is completed
you will see:
New database is now ready for use by File Express...press any key
Pressing any key will take you back to the Import / Export Menu.
As with any newly created database, before you can use it you must
run the "SORT" utility to create an Index for the file. (Choose
option <4> from the Main Menu).
The first time or two that you try to import a fixed length file
you may find that the information in the fields is offset by one or
more characters with each successive record. This is usually because
you incorrectly specified the length of one or more of the fields.
This usually happens in the last field of a record. Remember,
carriage returns and line-feeds are invisible on a screen but must
be accounted for in the new field lengths. Be sure and specify an
extra field at the end to account for these unseen characters, if
they exist.
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
SELECTING PREVIOUS IMPORT FORMATS
If you have previously setup and saved any import formats then you
may view a list of these files by pressing <5> while viewing the
Import Menu. You will be shown a list of all the Import formats that
were saved on the Data Disk and File Express will ask you to:
Enter Number of Import format
Enter the number of the file you would like to look at and press
<Enter>. a list of the field names, types, and lengths will be
displayed and you will be asked to:
Press <Enter> to use this format or <Esc> to go back for another
If you press <Esc>, you will be taken back to the list of formats
where you may choose another. Pressing <Enter> will take you to a
Secondary Import Menu.
1 - Use format with Standard Mail-merge file
2 - Use format with Special Mail-merge file
3 - Use format with Fixed Length file
4 - Use format with DIF type file
Selection
You may now choose which type of import file you will be drawing
from. After your selection you will taken to the point just after
you would have set up the format manually.
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
EXPORTING FILES FROM FILE EXPRESS
To Export a file from File Express, press <2> while viewing the
Import / Export Menu. You will then see the Export Menu:
Export Menu
1 - Export Standard Mail-merge file
2 - Export Special Mail-merge file
3 - Export DIF type file
Selection
EXPORTING MAILMERGE TYPE FILES
To export a Standard or Special mail-merge type file from File
Express, press either <2> or <3> from the Export Menu. You will
then be presented with a list of the field names for the current
file. The command line at the bottom of the screen will read:
First field number for mail-merge file <End>-finished
You may now begin to enter the fields that you want to include in
the mail-merge file. To choose a field from the current file,
enter the number of the field from the list and press <Enter>.
The position of the field will be shown next to the field name.
The command line will change to:
Next field for mail-merge file
You may continue to enter field numbers in any order you wish.
When you have finished, press <End>.
If you are Exporting a mail-merge file then you may now select the
character to be used to separate the fields of a line.
"field contents","field contents","field contents"
Delimiter between fields in mail-merge file
is currently a <,> ...O.K. (Y/N)?
If you would like the character used to separate fields to be some-
thing other than a comma, press <N>. You will then be asked to:
Enter new separator character
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
After typing in the new character, the commas in the sample line will
change to the new character and you will again be asked:
Delimiter between fields in mail-merge file
is currently a <x> ...O.K. (Y/N)?
(the <x> will be the new separator)
Answer <Y> if the desired character is shown.
If you are Exporting a Special Mail-merge file then you may specify
whether or not quotes are to be used around string information and
whether you would like to have all the fields from a given record
on the same line or on separate lines.
You will then be taken to the Record Choice Menu:
Record Choice Menu
1 - Use EVERY Record in List
2 - Use SOME Records in List
3 - Redo the new Database Layout
Selection
USING EVERY RECORD IN NEW FILE
If you would like to include in your mail-merge file the information
from every one of the records in the old file, press <1>. You will
then be asked:
Enter NEW name for output file
You may enter up to an eight character name for the file. You will
then be asked:
Which drive for Output File
You may want to put the new mail-merge file on a drive other than
the one you are currently working on. Type the letter of the
desired disk drive.
File Express will immediately begin to extract the information from
the old file and start building the new one. The screen will clear
and the message:
Creating new mail-merge file called xxxxxxxx
Please Wait.....
will appear. After File Express has completed the new file, you will
be returned to the Import / Export Menu.
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
USING SOME RECORDS IN NEW FILE
If you would like to be selective in your choice of which records to
be included in the mail-merge file, press <2> from the Record Choice
Menu. you will then be asked which kind of comparisons to make and
from which fields. You may make up to ten AND and OR comparisons
when making your selection. (To read the complete description of
how to make these choices, see the "USING SOME RECORDS" section of
the PRINT REPORTS chapter).
You will then be asked for the filename that you would like to give
to the new mail-merge file and the drive to put it on. After the
new file has been Exported you will be returned to the Import /
Export Menu.
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
CLONING NEW DATABASES
With File Express, you can create entirely new databases. You
can take the record format from an existing file and delete
fields, add new fields, lengthen or shorten any fields, and then
choose which records, from the existing file, that you would like
to use in the new database. This is done simply and easily.
To reach the Clone New Database section of File Express, press
<3> while viewing the IMPORT/EXPORT/CLONE Menu.
You will then be presented with a list of the field names for the
current file. The command lines at the bottom of the screen will
read:
"First field number for new database"
"<^S>-Empty field <^C>-New calculated field <End>-finished"
You may now begin to enter the fields that you want to make up
the new database with. To choose a field from the current file,
enter the number of the field from the list, and press <Enter>.
The column indicator will increase by the length of that field
and the position of the field will be shown next to the field
name. The command line will change to:
"Next Field for new database"
You may continue to enter field numbers in any order you wish.
ADDING NEW FIELDS
If you want to insert an entirely new field, press <^S> instead
of a field number. After pressing this key, you will be asked:
"Length of Empty Field?"
Type in the length of the new field that you are creating. You
may create new fields that are up to 60 characters long. After
specifying the length, you will be asked for:
"Name of new field?"
Type in the name that you would like to give this field, (up to
twelve characters). If you can't think of what you would like
to call it at this point, just press the <Enter> key and the
field will automatically be named "EMPTY". You can change this
name later from the Main Menu by choosing the "File Maintenance"
option.
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
You may choose up to forty fields, including new empty fields,
for the new database.
CALCULATED FIELDS
You can define new calculated fields to be included in your new
database. The procedure is identical to that in the Report For-
mat section, so if you would like to read more about it, that is
the place to go.
If you choose a field from the existing database that is a calc-
ulated field, you will only transfer the value associated with
that field and not the equation. In the new database the field
will simply be numeric and will not do any calculations for you.
If you want to include a field that does the same calculations,
you must redefine a new one and be sure to include in the new
database all the referenced numeric fields that are used in the
equation. These numeric fields must appear before the calc field
itself.
When you have finished building the framework for the new file,
press <End>.
CHANGING LENGTH OF FIELDS
After specifying the order of the fields for the new database and
the new file name and output drive, you will be given a chance to
change the length of any of the fields. You may have a "First
Name" field that you had originally specified as a 10 character
field, and now realize that you have run into a few names that
are longer than that, and you would like to change the length to
15. This is where you can do just that. The next question to ap-
pear will be:
"Change Length of any Fields? (Y or N)"
To change the lengths, press <Y>. A list of all the chosen fields
from the old file and the new empty fields, if any, will be listed
on the screen, along with the current field length to the right of
each one. The line at the bottom will read:
"Enter Number of Field to Change"
To change the length of any of the fields, enter the field number.
The chosen field name will be highlighted and a prompt line will
appear to the right of the current field length. You may now enter
the new length of the field, either shorter or longer, (up to 60
characters for a non-numeric field and up to 14 for a numeric
field). Dollar fields must be at least four digits long. After
pressing <Enter>, the new length will jump over to replace the old
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
value. You will then be asked:
"<C>hange another <End>-finished"
To change another field, press <C>. You will then be asked to
enter the field number of the next field length to be changed.
When you have finished changing the lengths of the fields, press
<End>. You will then be taken to the "Record Choice Menu".
Record Choice Menu
1 - Use EVERY Record in List
2 - Use SOME Records in List
3 - Redo the new Database Layout
Selection
USING EVERY RECORD IN NEW DATABASE
If you would like to include in your new database, the information
from every one of the records in the old file, press <1>. You will
then be asked for the:
"Enter NEW name for output file?"
You may enter up to an eight character name for the file.
(Be sure you enter a file name that is different from the one you
are cloning from if you are putting the new file on the same disk
drive as the old file.)
You will then be asked:
"Which drive for Output File? "
You may want to record the new database on a drive other than the
one you are currently working on. Type the letter of the desired
disk drive.
File Express will immediately begin to extract the information from
the old file and start building the new one. The screen will clear
and the message:
"Creating new database called drive:filespec"
Please Wait.....
will appear. After File Express has completed the new file, you
will be returned to the Main Menu. If you would then like to work
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
with the newly created file, you may select option <1> and enter
the number of the new database. Before you can do any work with it
though, you must first go through the "Sort Index" option, also
from the Main Menu. If you try to do anything else with the file
you will be told that you must first sort the index before pro-
ceeding.
USING SOME RECORDS IN NEW DATABASE
If you would like to be selective in your choice of which records
from the old file to be included in the new one, press <2> from
the "Record Choice Menu". You will then be asked which kind of
comparisons to make and from which fields. You may make up to ten
AND and OR comparisons when making your selection. (To read the
complete description of how to make these choices, see the "USING
SOME RECORDS" section of the PRINT REPORTS chapter).
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
----------------------------------------------------------------
E N D S E S S I O N or C H A N G E D I S K D R I V E S
----------------------------------------------------------------
To change the selected disk drive where File Express records all
the information, or to end the session altogether, press <9>
while viewing the Main Menu. You may then choose:
1 - End Session
2 - Change disk drives
3 - Set Function Keys
END SESSION
If you are finished using File Express press <1> and you will be
returned to DOS.
CHANGE DISK DRIVES
If you would like to record your data in a file on a different
drive, press <2>. This will send you back to the Opening Title
Screen, where you may then select which drive you would like to
use. When changing drives, the file you were working with is
closed. After selecting a new drive you will have to choose a
file to work with, even if it will be the same one you were pre-
viously using.
SET FUNCTION KEYS
If you would like to set the value of the Function Keys, press
<3>. You will then be led through the process of setting the
Function Keys to whatever you like. (To read a complete des-
cription of the process please see the SET FUNCTION KEY portion
of the Add Data section.
(88)
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
CONVERTING PC-FILE III(tm) FILES
Files created while using PC-FILE III are easily converted to File
Express format. All you have to do is copy the database file
created with PC-FILE III (the file with the ".DTA" extension)
and its corresponding header file (the file with the ".HDR" exten-
sion) to a blank disk and use it as your Data Disk. File Express
will directly read PC-FILE III's header file (although the reverse
is not true). The only thing left to do is to go through the Sort
option to create a new Index. Simple!
-------------------------------
S A M P L E D A T A B A S E
-------------------------------
A sample of a mailing list type database is being included in the
File Express package to serve as an example of one way in which
a database record may be set up.
How long should a field be that is going to contain a person's
last name? How about a first name? How long should it be to fit
the name of a city, or state? What is too long? What is too
short?
Many people, when first setting up new database have these ques-
tions. Many times a database is set up without taking a look at
the overall consequences that each decision might have.
The sample setup called "EXAMPLE" has the following format:
Field Name Type Length
____________ _ __
1 ORIGIN DATE- ! 8
2 LAST NAME A 18
3 FIRST NAME A 13
4 ADDRESS ! 30
5 CITY A 16
6 STATE A 3
7 ZIP CODE N 10
8 CATEGORY ! 30
9 COMMENTS ! 60
The length of each record is 188 characters plus a trailing
carriage return for a total of 189. Even with a record as long
as this, about 1700 will fit on a 1.1 formatted diskette and
over 1900 will fit on a 2.0 formatted diskette. (And if you
happen to have an IBM AT with quad density drives you can fit
over 6300 record on each diskette.)
(89)
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
The lengths were chosen for the fields with two things in mind.
They should be long enough to fit the vast majority of the names
that exist and second, they should fit on a standard sized label
in case I want to print mailing labels for my Christmas cards.
(How impersonal!)
Included on the Utilities Disk are a sample of a Report
format and a Mailing Label format. These can be used from the
Report Section and Mailing Label Section respectively.
To use the EXAMPLE database files it is recommended that you copy
all the EXAMPLE files onto a blank diskette to use as the Data
Disk. This is because the Utilities Disk is nearly full and thus
leaves little room to expand the files or to add new ones.
If you have a two drive system, place the Program Disk in drive A
and the new Data Disk in drive B. Type 'FE' to start File Express.
When the Opening Screen appears, press 'B' for the Data Drive.
After the Main Menu is shown, press '1' to Select a file. A one
item list will appear with EXAMPLE as number 1. Press <1> and
<Enter>. When the Main Menu reappears all the menu options will
be highlighted and ready for you to explore the many features of
File Express.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
C O M P A T I B I L I T Y W I T H O T H E R P R O G R A M S
-------------------------------------------------------------------
File Express can be used to create files for many other programs.
The mail-merge file export option can be used with several word
processing programs to generate custom individualized letters.
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
-------------------------------------------------
F E E D B A C K , P R O B L E M S , B U G S ?
-------------------------------------------------
It is the intent of Expressware to maintain File Express and re-
lease updates and improvements on a regular basis. If you can
find the time Expressware would appreciate any feedback you might
want to give about File Express. Countless hours have been spent
testing and debugging this product. If, however, you run into
any problems or find any bugs, we would very much like to know the
circumstances that led to the difficulty. In return, if you are
the first to report a particular bug that we decide needs fixing,
Expressware will send you a corrected version by return mail.
If you are a registered owner of File Express and you run into
problems you can call Expressware during west coast business
hours for some help. The number is:
(206) 481-3040
If you are not a registered owner but would like to call and
tell us that you want to send us the money, that is O.K. too. Really!
---------------------
D I S C L A I M E R
---------------------
EXPRESSWARE makes no representation or warranties with respect to
the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warren-
ties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose.
FILE EXPRESS is licensed on an "As Is" basis.
EXPRESSWARE shall have no liability or responsibility to you or any
other person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused
by FILE EXPRESS, including but not limited to any loss of profits,
interruption of service, loss of business or consequential damages
resulting from the use of such programs.
When starting the use of a new system it is good Data Processing
procedure to run and test the program with sample data, and to run
the system in parallel with any previous system for a period of
time sufficient to ensure satisfactory results.
FILE EXPRESS is a trademark owned by EXPRESSWARE.
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
-------------------------
E R R O R C O D E S
-------------------------
The following error codes may show up due to the explanation
following each code.
Error Code Explanation
24 Device Timeout error. This usually happens
with a printer. If your printer has a print
buffer who's size is controllable then try
making the buffer smaller.
25 Device Fault error. Something has happened
to some device in the system. This is
usually a printer or a disk drive. Check
your equipment for damage or breakdown.
(Not caused by File Express)
57 Device I/O error. DOS has reported a problem
while accessing your disk drive. You should
reformat a new data disk and copy all the
files from the current disk. If prompted by DOS:
Error reading drive x:
Abort, Retry, or Ignore
You should press <I>, for Ignore. The resulting
copy will probably have one or more records that
contain garbage that will have to be re-entered.
61 Disk Full error. This is trapped in many
places in File Express but if it appears you
will have to do some reorganization of your
disk space.
62 Input past end. This error will usually only
show up if the header file (.HDR) for a database
has become contaminated. Copy a new copy of the
header file from one of your backup diskettes.
(You do make regular backups, don't you?)
63 Bad Record Number error. This generally
occurs if an index has become contaminated
for some reason. Try re-sorting the index.
67 Too Many Files error. An attempt was made to create
a file on a disk with a full directory. A double
sided diskette will only allow 112 files. Retry
the operation with a new disk.
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
68 Device Unavailable error. For some reason a
device is not responding to a DOS call.
Check all connections and retry.
70 Disk Write Protect error. File Express uses
a small amount of disk space on the program
disk when changing from one module to
another. Do not put a write protect tab on
the working copy of the Program Disk. The
Data Disk used to store the database files
must not have a tab eit
71 Disk Not Ready error. The door to the disk
drive was probably left open. Close it.
72 Disk Media error. Something is wrong with
the disk you are using. Try running the DOS
utility CHKDSK.COM to see if you can repair
the disk. If not, then re-format a new disk
and copy all the files from the questionable
disk onto it.
75 Path/File access error. You have probably
specified an illegal or non-existant path to
the data drive. Read your DOS manual for
correct syntax.
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File Express(tm) User's Guide
---------------------------------------------------------
F O R M A T O F F I L E E X P R E S S F I L E S
---------------------------------------------------------
* (Please see Registered User's Guide for complete description)
SAMPLE BASIC PROGRAM TO ACCESS FILE EXPRESS FILES
* (Please see Registered User's Guide for complete description)
-----------
I N D E X
-----------
* (Please see Registered User's Guide for index)
(94)
-
-----------------------------------------------------------------
O R D E R F O R M
-----------------------------------------------------------------
E X P R E S S W A R E
P.O. Box 230
Redmond, WA 98073
Phone (206) 481-3040
PRICE PRICE
DESCRIPTION QUANTITY EACH EXTENDED
-----------------------------------------------------------------
File Express Version 3.7
Diskettes Only _____ $10.00 $_______
Registered Set _____ $49.00 $_______
ExpressCalc Version 3.1
Diskettes Only _____ $10.00 $_______
Registered Set _____ $49.00 $_______
ExpressGraph Version 1.0
Diskettes Only _____ $10.00 $_______
Registered Set _____ $49.00 $_______
Shipping and Handling $ 2.00
Special handling: COD $3, Rush $5, Foreign $10 $_______
Washington residents add 7.9% State Sales Tax $_______
Total: $_______
Visa _____ MC _____ Check _____ COD _____
Card # _____________________________________________
Expiration Date: ________________
Signature: _____________________________________________
Please make checks payable to : EXPRESSWARE (U.S. funds only)
Name ___________________________________________________________
Address ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
City _________________________ State _________ Zip Code ________
-
If you have received this program from a User's Group or a friend
and would like to be put on Expressware's mailing list so that
you will receive information on upcoming releases and notification
of new products, please fill in your name and address below and
send to:
E X P R E S S W A R E
P.O. Box 230
Redmond, WA 98073
Name ___________________________________________________________
Address ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
City _________________________ State _________ Zip Code ________
We would also appreciate any input you would care to give concerning
our products. If you have any ideas or comments that would make
them better programs, please let us know.
We are working hard to make Expressware software the best, most
useful, and affordable products of their kind on the market today.
With your input we will be well on our way to achieving that goal.
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